Does a meal affect vitamin D absorption?
Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K are better absorbed when you have them with a meal or snack that contains at least a teaspoon of fat (about 5 grams of fat). The same goes for your multivitamin, which contains these vitamins.
Because vitamin D is fat soluble, its absorption depends on the gut's ability to absorb dietary fat [4]. Fat malabsorption is associated with medical conditions that include some forms of liver disease, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis [1,63].
Better absorbed with meals
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, meaning that it does not dissolve in water and is absorbed best in your bloodstream when paired with high fat foods ( 1 ). For this reason, it's recommended to take vitamin D supplements with a meal to enhance absorption.
What helps Vitamin D absorption? Keep in mind that Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, which means it's best absorbed in the bloodstream in the presence of dietary fat. So, if you're taking your Vitamin D supplement at breakfast, lunch, or dinner, you can pair it with a food containing healthy fat.
Take vitamin D by mouth as directed. Vitamin D is best absorbed when taken after a meal but may be taken with or without food. Alfacalcidol is usually taken with food.
To get an optimal vitamin D supplement from the sun at a minimal risk of getting cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), the best time of sun exposure is noon.
When vitamin D levels are low and the body isn't able to properly absorb calcium and phosphorus, there is an increased risk of bone pain, bone fractures, muscle pain and muscle weakness. In older adults, severe vitamin D deficiency (levels less than 10 ng/mL) may also contribute to an increased risk of falls.
Vitamin expert Arielle Levitan, MD, co-founder of Vous Vitamin, agreed: “Absorption is better and more constant, and taking a daily dose gives you more flexibility with regard to actual dosing." Dr. Levitan also explained the variety of factors that goes into finding proper vitamin D dosage.
Caffeine inhibits vitamin D receptors, which limit the amount that will be absorbed. Because vitamin D is important in the absorption and use of calcium in building bone, this could also decrease bone mineral density, resulting in an increased risk for osteoporosis.
If you are taking a fat soluble vitamin such as Vitamin D, make sure you are eating some fat. For example, if you prefer to take your vitamins at breakfast and you have invested in a high-quality Vitamin D, make sure you add peanut butter or almond butter to your toast or nuts to your granola.
How long does it take to get your vitamin D levels up?
“Adding an over-the-counter vitamin D supplement can make improvements in just three to four months time. Vitamin D with a strength of 1000-2000 international units daily is the recommended dose for most adults,” Dr. Ropte says. Most multivitamins contain vitamin D, so extra supplementation isn't always necessary.
“It is important that it be taken with food, because vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin,” meaning it does not dissolve in water and is absorbed with fat, so it is better if there's a little healthy fat to mix it up with, says Dr.
Research also shows that vitamin D is well absorbed both with and without food, and with or without fats too. Vitamin D works closely with vitamin K2 and it's useful to supplement these two nutrients together for ongoing maintenance of healthy bones.
Magnesium assists in the activation of vitamin D, which helps regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis to influence the growth and maintenance of bones. All of the enzymes that metabolize vitamin D seem to require magnesium, which acts as a cofactor in the enzymatic reactions in the liver and kidneys.
In the absence of vitamin K2, calcium circulating in the body that has been absorbed from food by vitamin D is also deposited in the soft tissues of the body and in the arteries, leading to arterosclerosis. Vitamin D3 should therefore always be taken in combination with vitamin K2.
It is important to note that the amount of time it takes for any supplement to work can vary depending on the individual. Generally speaking, it can take anywhere from 3-4 weeks for Vitamin D 50,000 IU to take effect. The body needs to absorb the supplement and convert it into an active form to be utilized.
Interactions between your drugs
No interactions were found between Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D3.
Mayo Clinic recommends that adults get at least the RDA of 600 IU. However, 1,000 to 2,000 IU per day of vitamin D from a supplement is generally safe, should help people achieve an adequate blood level of vitamin D, and may have additional health benefits.
Regular sun exposure is the most natural way to get enough vitamin D. To maintain healthy blood levels, aim to get 10–30 minutes of midday sunlight, several times per week. People with darker skin may need a little more than this. Your exposure time should depend on how sensitive your skin is to sunlight.
Although people prefer to spend more time indoors to beat the heat during the summer, Ren says only about 10 to 30 minutes of daily direct sunlight exposure is necessary to ensure vitamin production.
What are 5 physical signs you're taking too much vitamin D?
- Decrease in appetite.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Constipation.
- Dehydration.
- Increased thirst (polydipsia).
- Frequent urination.
- Confusion, lethargy and fatigue.
- Muscle weakness and difficulty walking.
Vitamin D status has been associated with a variety of neurologic disorders, including multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment, Parkinson disease, and stroke, among others.
Too much vitamin D can cause harmful high calcium levels. Tell your doctor right away if any of these signs of high vitamin D/calcium levels occur: nausea/vomiting, constipation, loss of appetite, increased thirst, increased urination, mental/mood changes, unusual tiredness.
Like any other nutrient, getting too much vitamin D can be a bad thing. The IOM has set a tolerable upper limit level (UL) for vitamin D at 4,000 IU for adults. However, most reports suggest that the toxic effects of vitamin D do not appear at intakes less than 10,000 IU of vitamin D daily (1,2).
If the amount in your blood is below 20 ng/mL, your levels are inadequate; if it's below 12 ng/mL, that means you're deficient in the nutrient. If that's the case, your doctor may prescribe a megadose of 50,000 IUs to take once a week for six to 12 weeks to raise the level of vitamin D circulating in your body.
References
- https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vitamin-d-from-sun
- https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/
- https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/vitamin-d-deficiency
- https://www.visionpersonaltraining.com/expert-hub/expert-articles/health-and-nutrition/the-effect-of-caffeine-on-vitamin-absorption
- https://www.nutriadvanced.co.uk/news/supplementing-with-vitamin-d-getting-it-right-part-1-absorption/
- https://www.vitaminexpress.org/en/how-to-combine-vitamin-d-and-vitamin-k-properly
- https://www.quora.com/How-long-does-it-take-for-vitamin-D-50-000-IU-to-work
- https://www.healthcentral.com/article/international-units-iu-vitamin-d-once-week-harmful
- https://www.naturemade.com/blogs/health-articles/what-helps-vitamin-d-absorption
- https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/health/a43893459/best-time-to-take-vitamin-d/
- https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24750-vitamin-d-toxicity-hypervitaminosis-d
- https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/best-time-to-take-vitamin-d
- https://www.medlink.com/articles/vitamin-d-in-neurologic-disorders
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18348449/
- https://www.health.com/vitamin-d-once-a-week-vs-daily-7484244
- https://www.unitypoint.org/news-and-articles/how-to-spot-a-vitamin-d-deficiency---unitypoint-health
- https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-10175/vitamin-d3-oral/details
- https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-178595/weekly-d-oral/details
- https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-how-much-vitamin-d-do-i-need/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29480918/
- https://www.personanutrition.com/blog/imrpove-your-bodys-absorption-of-vitamins/
- https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/vitamin-b12-with-vitamin-d3-754-3756-646-5790.html
- https://www.rdnutritionconsultants.com/single-post/vitamin-d-in-older-adults
- https://www.bcm.edu/news/how-to-get-vitamin-d-without-spending-too-much-time-in-the-sun